Showing posts with label Hypotasso. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hypotasso. Show all posts

Paul told the Church to Submit to a Woman


 I beseech you brethren you know the house of Stephana[1] that it is the firstfruits of Achaia and that they have addicted themselves to the ministry of the saints That you yield to [cooperate with] such[3] and to every one that works together and toils [4]
1 Corinthians 16:15-16


[1] The Textus Receptus (Greek Text of Stephens 1550, as seen in the Berry Interlinear) uses the feminine name, Stephana. But Berry, when he renders it in English, deceptively adds an “s” to the end of the name in an attempt to mask the feminine proper noun (although, even with the “s,” Stephana[s] is still feminine).

James Strong, also exhibits bias and aversion to the feminine name, Stephanas (Original Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance, using the Textus Receptus, Elzevir 1624[?])**, passing the word off as a proper masculine noun. Strong counters the feminine appearance of the name, by claiming the stand-alone root word is probably a derivative and contraction of the masculine name, Stephanoo (G4737). Among scholars, there is strong consensus on masking the feminine nature of the name, Stephana/Stephanas, by claiming it is, “perhaps,“ merely a nickname for the masculine Stephanoo or Stephanotos

The complementarian editors of the online Blue Letter Bible, go along with the deception. They admit to the etymology of Stephana, as a stand-alone root word, yet include the claim that it is “probably” derived from the name, Stephanoo (G4737). 

They mis-define the word as a, “proper masculine noun.” 

Rather than admit that Stephana is a woman, commentators prefer to appear ignorant of the fact that Stephana has always been a known female name. They falsely claim the word is a mystery. Stephana has always been a common name for Greek women, and in modern Greece, the name is still in use. It is the feminine form of Stephanos, just as in English, Stephanie is the feminine of Stephan, Michael is the masculine of Michaela, Roberta is the feminine of Robert, so on and so forth…. http://www.meaning-of-names.com/greek-names/stephana.asp

**Both Stephens’ and Elzevir’s texts are called, Textus Receptus, because, as Berry wrote, “In the main, they are one and the same.”

[3] Paul pleads with the Church at Corinth to cooperate with the house of Stephana. Was that request necessary because Stephana was a woman? He reminds the Corinthians that she and her family are worthy of honor and cooperation.

1 Corinthians 16:16 is an example of the Greek word, hypotasso (G5293), being used in the sense of mutual submission and cooperation among believers (with emphasis on cooperating with those who were of the house of Stephana). To say the word, hypotasso, is used here to mean a military-like chain of command, with Paul at the head (similar to a Pope), would be an exaggeration. Also, the emphatic “yourselves,” as in submit “yourselves,” is not found in the Greek. It is a translator supplement which is often used in tandem with the word, hypotasso. The addition of the emphatic, “yourselves,” aids in conveying a false understanding of a martial hierarchy that does not exist in the New Testament.   

[4] The hierarchical flavor of the passage increases with translator addition of the words “with us” (works “with us” AV), creating a non-existent military hierarchy consisting of the apostles down. All translations do not add the words “with us,” in verse 16, but some do even worse, such as the NASB mistranslating the Greek word, toioutos, as “men,” making that translation read, “be in subjection to such men…” Some of those from the house of Stephana (a woman) may have been men, but the scriptures do not specify that.


 Author and speaker, Jocelyn Andersen, is an eclectic Christian writer. She is a Bible teacher who writes about many subjects including Bible prophecy and equality of the sexes. She is best known for her advocacy in domestic violence awareness. Her book, Woman Submit! Christians & Domestic Violence, has been a staple in the library of resources on that subject.  

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Hypotasso: Aligned/Arrayed WITH: not always UNDER (sometimes OVER!)

Sometimes, I am guilty of reading along on the "wrong side" of an interlinear for my morning Bible reading. I will read the Hebrew or Greek interlinear column instead of the English translation column. 

When I do this, I invariably stumble across something interesting and enlightening that is not usually evident on the English translation side. This happened with 2 Corinthians 2:11 and Ephesians 3:1-2.

 Lest over [hypo G5259] [1] [us] Satan should gain advantage for we are not ignorant of his devices  --2 Corinthians 2:11



[1] The primary preposition, hypo (G5259), is both untranslated and mistranslated in this verse (depending on which translation one reads). The reason for this is that the context of verse 11, demands it be translated as “over,” and this contradicts religious tradition that teaches the Greek word hypo must always mean some form of “beneath/under,” as is claimed in the case of Ephesians 5:21-22, where a better rendering is for wives and husbands be arrayed/aligned with one another as the Ekklesia is aligned with Christ.

When the word hypo doesn't align with tradition, some other, innocuous, word is used in its place to deflect from the obvious. Words such as:  such, as, by, of, with, for, etc., are used to hide the fact that hypo does not always mean under.

Defining this word honestly, demands that centuries-old traditions regarding gender roles be re-considered in light of even one verse obviously using the word, hypo, as meaning “over” instead of under, inferior, or beneath, and 2 Corinthians 2:11, is that one verse.

Moving on to Ephesians 3:1-2


For this cause I Paul the prisoner of Jesus Christ *over you of the nations [*hyper (hypo word) [1] Ephesians 1:22, Hebrews 13:7] 

If you have heard of the home-distribution [2] of the grace of God which is given to me for you Matthew 15:36 [example of home-distribution]


[1] Historical, traditionally male dominated, scholarship finds itself full of contradictions when the hypo words will not “come-to-heel” in biblical usage [by consistently defining themselves (contextually) as “to be arrayed under].” This causes a kerfuffle when it is pointed out that verses like 2 Corinthians 2:11 encourage Christians to be on the alert and not allow Satan to gain an advantage over  [hypo] them. 

Linguistically, the Greek word, hypo (pronounced hupo), is a primary preposition. Prepositions denote  direction, movement: (forward, backward), time, position (with, over, under), etc.. The problem for traditional-role-religionist-scholars, is that the word hypo is used in 2 Corinthians 2:11 concerning Satan’s possible advantage over believers. 

Translators do some hermeneutical bungee-jumping  in order to avoid using the word “over” in this verse (2 Corinthians 2:11)—not because the word is used in reference to Satan gaining advantage over Christians but rather because it contradicts the hard and fast definition that has been historically assigned to the word in order to permanently position women under men, as it is traditionally but incorrectly defined in Ephesians 5:22. Paul’s usage of the word in 2 Corinthians 2:11, produces a gender-role crisis, for the complementarian (male-headship) paradigm, that cannot be overcome or reasoned away. It is time to assign the biblical definition to the primary preposition, hypo.

These examples prove that even respected scholars must be carefully fact-checked, as bias does creep in to lexicons and concordances through preconceived notions of the experts. 2 Corinthians 2:11 is a perfect example this, in that the Greek word “hypo,” in biblical usage, does not necessarily carry a connotation of being “arrayed under.” Most of the time it has the gentler more Christlike slant of aligning with or preferring one another before ourselves, and doing unto others as we would have others do unto us. Other times, it can mean a destructive advantage has been gained over….

[2] Paul was dispensing/parceling out Grace, not administrating it. Huge difference. The word usually translated as dispensation or administration in this verse, is not a verb (action word) but rather a noun (person, place, or thing). In this case it is a person. **Oikonomia, is a compound word meaning home-distributor. Oiko means “home,” and nomia means to parcel out and the one who “parcels out or distributes, is female.” 

Paul was male, so why was the feminine oikonomia, used instead of the masculine, as would be expected?  Note that in this instance, it is the Gospel of Grace that is being parcelled out. It is significant that the Holy Spirit led the apostle to choose the feminine form of the compound word, oikonomia, when a man, writing of himself, would have naturally chosen to use the masculine form of the word (oikonomos), especially when writing of something so important and that had traditionally (with some exception) belonged to the masculine domain—that of handling and dispensing the Word of God. 

The apostle Paul was dispensing the Grace of God through inspired and authoritative preaching and teaching. And because of the word oikonomia, we know that not only men but women, as well, are chosen to distribute the Grace of God through inspired and authoritative preaching and teaching.

**When researching this verse, I found yet another instance of James Strong allowing his male-headship prejudice to influence his scholarship. Disciples should understand that all scholarship—though it should be objective—has its bent or bias. Strong incorrectly claims the word oikonomia (feminine noun) is derived from the word oikonomos (male noun), which it is not.  Oikonomos is simply the equal and opposite masculine form of oikonomia. Both compound words are derived separately and independently in their own right from the words oikos, which means home, and nomos, which means to parcel out. 

This verse highlights something else, and that is the fact that the Gospel is not supposed to be institutionalized but is rather organic and home-based (oikos means home), with leadership (those who parcel-out/dispense the Grace) based on love, respect, and example—not gender or hierarchy. 

When Paul uses the term “over you,” it is always in the sense of leadership example—not military-like hierarchy. 

In reading along the "wrong side" of my interlinear, I started out studying the "Dispensation of Grace," then was Divinely side-tracked when I stumbled into an entirely new insight on a subject that was not on today's agenda--at least not on my agenda. But I believe the Spirit of the Living God had other plans. 

Reading on the "wrong side" of an interlinear is an amazing way to gain new and fresh perspectives on what the scriptures teach. I encourage everyone to try it.

Woman this is WAR! Gender Slavery and the Evangelical Caste System, refutes complementarianism [also called complementarity], which teaches that all men and women are born into a caste system that follows them from the moment they exit the womb throughout all eternity. Men are alleged to be born into the leadership caste and women into the “follower” caste.
    
Complementarian doctrine suppresses the autonomy of adult Christian women and has been embraced, with few exceptions, by virtually every Christian denomination...despite unmistakable parallels between complementarian dogma [and the adverse effects of the paradigm on men, women, and children] and that of institutionalized slavery in previous centuries [caveat: lots of Black History, in this book, up through the Civil Rights Movement].
   Woman this is War! quotes well-known evangelical pastors who compare Christian marriage to a war of dominance between wives and husbands, a war they claim that husbands must win.
   Gender-biased-English-translation-theology, along with male-centered Bible commentary and translation practices, are used in forbidding women to preach, pastor, or serve as elders and deacons in most churches. This hinders the work of the gospel. In most churches where women are not forbidden to preach, they are told to submit to their husbands at home. Gender-biased-English-translation-theology has interfered with understanding the scriptures, pitted men and women against each other, and eroded the happiness of women and men.
   The book provides rare insights into Christian initiatives in the movements for women’s autonomy that have been excluded from Christian literature. They bring a new perspective, along with freedom and hope for both men and women. The doctrine of female submission to male headship in the church and home, is refuted by the scriptures which support equality between women and men. Woman this is WAR! is a treasure-trove of information on gender equality from biblical and historical perspectives. 

Buy the book HERE
Woman this is WAR! Gender Slavery and the Evangelical Caste System


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